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UK Benchmarks Regulation—timeline This timeline shows key developments relating to Assimilated Regulation (EU) 2016/1011 (the UK Benchmarks Regulation) from January 2024 onwards. For earlier developments, see Benchmarks Regulation—timeline [Archived] 2024 Date Source Document Description 22 October 2024 UK Parliament SI 2024/1051: The Critical Benchmarks Regulations 2004 SI 2024/1051: These Regulations are made to specify the WMR Closing Spot Rates (also known as the WMR London 4pm Closing Spot Rate) and ICE Swap Rate® as critical benchmarks for the purposes of Article A20(5) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2016 on indices used as benchmarks in financial instruments and financial contracts or to measure the performance of investment funds. They are made in exercise of legislative powers under Regulation (EU) 2016/1011 in connection with assimilated law. They are due to come into force on 13 November 2024.See: LNB News 22/10/2024 108 1 October 2024 FCA and BoE FCA press releaseThe end of LIBOR The BoE has issued a joint press release...
UK MiFID II regime—timeline This timeline shows key developments relating to the UK provisions which implemented the recast Markets in Financial Instruments Directive 2014/65/EU (MiFID II) and Assimilated Regulation (EU) 600/2014 (UK MiFIR) (together, the UK's MiFID II framework). For earlier developments, see: Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID II) and Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation (MiFIR)—timeline (2007–2023) [Archived]. For key developments relating to the EU’s MiFID II framework, see: EU Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID II) and Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation (MiFIR)—timeline. 2025 Date Source Document Description 3 April 2025 FCA PS25/2: Derivatives trading obligation and post-trade risk reduction services The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has published policy statement PS25/2 on the derivatives trading obligation (DTO) and post-trade risk reduction services. It sets out feedback to CP24/24 and the FCA’s final rules on the classes of SOFR OIS (secured overnight financing rate overnight index swaps) subject to the derivatives trading obligation (DTO) and the framework for post-trade risk reduction services which aims to ensure investment firms...
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Development of EU climate change policy Context Humans are increasingly influencing the climate and the earth's temperature by burning fossil fuels, cutting down rainforests and farming livestock. All of this adds enormous amounts of greenhouse gases to those naturally occurring in the atmosphere, increasing the greenhouse effect and global warming. Some gases in the earth's atmosphere act a bit like the glass in a greenhouse, trapping the sun's heat and stopping it from leaking back into space. Many of these gases occur naturally but human activity is increasing the concentrations of some of them in the atmosphere, in particular: • carbon dioxide (CO2) • methane • nitrous oxide • fluorinated gases CO2 is the greenhouse gas most commonly produced by human activities and it is responsible for the majority of man-made global warming. Other greenhouse gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide, are emitted in smaller quantities, but they trap heat far more effectively than CO2. Rising emissions are caused by: • burning fossil fuels (ie coal, oil...
Increasing pensions in payment FORTHCOMING DEVELOPMENT: Section 10 of the Finance Act 2022 will increase the normal minimum pension age (NMPA) from 55 to 57 on 6 April 2028 (save for members of the firefighters, police and armed forces public service pension schemes). The Finance Act 2022 will also give members of registered pension schemes a right to take their benefits before age 57, if on or before 4 November 2021 they either had an ‘unqualified right’ to take benefits or were in the process of a substantive transfer to a scheme offering an unqualified right to a protected pension age of less than 57 on or before 4 November 2021. To benefit from this new 2028 protection, the rules of the pension scheme must have included (on 11 February 2021) an unqualified right to take the entitlement to scheme benefits before age 57. For further information, see Practice Note: Increasing the normal minimum pension age (NMPA) to 57—pensions impact. THIS PRACTICE NOTE APPLIES TO ALL OCCUPATIONAL PENSION...
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Consultancy agreement—company and individual—pro-client (short form) [ON HEADED NOTEPAPER OF CLIENT COMPANY] [Insert consultant’s name] [Insert consultant’s address] [Insert date] Dear [insert consultant’s name] [ Consultancy agreement OR Insert name of project ] Further to our recent discussions, I am pleased to confirm the terms of our agreement regarding the provision of your consultancy services to [insert name of client company] (Company). 1 Term 1.1 [Subject to the terms set out in this letter, your engagement [will commence OR commenced] on [insert date] and will continue unless or until either party gives to the other not less than [insert number] [weeks’ OR months’] prior notice in writing. OR 1.2 Your engagement will be for a fixed period of [insert number] months from [insert date], subject to the terms of this letter and subject to the right of either the Company or you to give to the other not less than [number] [weeks’ OR months’] notice in writing during such fixed period terminating the...
Pensions warranties—defined contribution scheme—share purchase agreement Replace Schedule 4, paragraph 19 of Precedent: Share purchase agreement—pro-buyer—corporate seller—conditional—long form with the following: 1 Pensions 1.1 Except as provided for by the Pension Scheme, the Company is not and has never participated in an arrangement or agreement to provide pensions, annuities, lump sums, gratuities or similar benefits on retirement, long-term ill-health or death, or pursuant to a pension sharing order, in relation to the service or historic service of a present or former employee of the Company or any other person, or for the benefit of that individual’s dependents. 1.2 All benefits under the Pension Scheme are provided on a money purchase basis. No assurance, guarantee or promise has been made to any employee of the Company as to the amount of benefits to be provided under the Pension Scheme. 1.3 Copies of the following documents have been Fairly Disclosed to the Buyer: 1.3.1 the governing documentation of the Pension Scheme including the trust deed and rules and all ancillary and...
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If a solicitor agrees to charge a fixed fee for a piece of work but then does not carry out all the work which was envisaged in the original engagement letter, is he/she still entitled to charge the full fixed fee or is he only entitled to charge for the work actually carried out? Where a solicitor and client have a fixed fee engagement but not all work set out in the engagement is completed, the solicitor’s right to charge fees will depend on the specific terms of the engagement and any other terms of business. For example, the terms of engagement may include an abortive fees clause (ie where the solicitor is entitled to charge certain fees if the client terminates the engagement) or a clause specifying how fees will be calculated where there is partial completion of the engagement. It will also be important to consider whether or not payment of the fixed fee is dependent on completion of the engagement or not. See the...
Where two individuals jointly instruct a solicitor to act in the purchase of a property, is each individual entitled to require the solicitor to provide a copy of the conveyancing file? Case study Two individuals have jointly instructed a solicitor to act in the purchase of a property. The parties are now separately represented and one is bringing a Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 (TOLATA 1996) claim against the other. One of the parties wishes to know whether each individual is entitled to require the solicitor to provide a copy of the conveyancing file. See the case of Hamilton and Dixon Group Sipp v Hastings and Company (Solicitors). The case considers a party’s entitlement to view documents held by a solicitor where the same was acting under a joint retainer. Deeny J followed the position expressed by The Law Society of England, and held: '… Each client is entitled to a copy of the relevant documents at their own expense. It seems to me that...
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Arbitration analysis: This decision affirms well-established legal principles on the grant of security for costs in the context of an application to set aside an arbitral award under section 81(1) of the Arbitration Ordinance (Cap. 609) (AO). The plaintiffs argue that the award should be set aside as it acknowledges a Set-Off Mechanism, the effect of which the plaintiffs contend conflicts with Hong Kong public policy. The Set-Off Mechanism in this case, in essence, obliged the 1st plaintiff to waive the purchase price for shares in the amount outstanding to the 1st defendant, should the 2nd defendant fail to pay the 1st defendant any amount due under a promissory note. The 1st defendant applied for security of costs to be furnished by the plaintiffs in the set aside proceedings. Mrs Justice Mimmie Chan considered that the set aside application had little prospect of success and held that it would be just to exercise discretion to order the plaintiffs to provide security for costs. The case demonstrates the Hong Kong Courts’...
TMT analysis: This analysis considers the role of technical standards in the ICT sector and in particular in relation to artificial intelligence (AI). It discusses some of the standards that have been developed relevant to AI, the project to create standards under the EU AI Act and the UK government’s approach. It also considers how standards can be leveraged by customers procuring AI systems, both internally and in contract negotiations. Written by Dr Sam De Silva, partner and global co-head of the Commercial Practice Group, CMS Cameron McKenna Nabarro Olswang LLP.
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