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Ending a claim—checklist

Ending a claim—checklist How can litigation be brought to an end? There are a number of ways in which litigation can be ended. These include: Action Further guidance Admissions under CPR 14 which could effectively bring the dispute to an end Practice Note: Admissions Jurisdiction—the court may not have the jurisdiction to determine the matter, finding for example, that it should be determined by another country, by arbitration, etc Practice Note: Challenging court jurisdiction—overview, and then more detailed guidance on various aspects of this topic, including Practice Notes:Challenging court jurisdiction—general principlesChallenging court jurisdiction—has a party submitted to a jurisdiction?Challenging court jurisdiction—application under CPR 11 (timing and extensions of time)Challenging court jurisdiction—application under CPR 11 (general considerations)Also relevant Precedents, including: Draft order for an application to challenge English court jurisdiction, Witness statement in support of an application to challenge English court jurisdiction and Witness statement opposing an application to challenge English court jurisdiction The defendant failing to engage in the proceedings, which results in the court entering a judgment in...

What to think about before bringing a private competition action—checklist

What to think about before bringing a private competition action—checklist Is there an actionable claim? Note: private competition actions remain largely regulated by national law and procedural and substantive rules across the EU may vary significantly, therefore assessments in individual jurisdictions will need to be made when planning competition litigation. Possible causes of action • Consider if there is an infringement of UK competition law (or EU competition law prior to the end of the Brexit transition period). ◦ Consider whether the loss suffered can be attributed to an agreement or concerted action between undertakings, especially competing undertakings (see further, The prohibition on restrictive agreements). ◦ Consider whether the loss might have been caused by an entity that is arguably dominant typically with a large share of a relevant market, and could be said to have abused its dominance contrary to Chapter II of the Competition Act 1998 (and/or Article 102 TFEU if prior to the end of the Brexit transition period) (see further, The prohibition on abuse of dominance)....

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Arbitration—an introduction to the key features of arbitration

This Practice Note provides an introduction to arbitration and its key features, with a particular focus on arbitration under the law of England and Wales, including the Arbitration Act 1996 (AA 1996).Arbitration is a form of final and binding dispute resolution presided over by an appointed arbitral tribunal (one or three arbitrators, typically) acting in a quasi-judicial manner. Arbitration is, generally speaking, founded on party agreement (the arbitration agreement), and regulated and enforced by national law and national courts. In choosing arbitration, parties opt for a private dispute resolution procedure instead of litigating in court. The result of an arbitration is, usually, an arbitral award, which is a final, binding and enforceable (as against the losing party or parties) decision on the dispute submitted for determination (and akin to a court judgment). Arbitral awards are subject to limited rights of challenge or appeal on either standalone bases or as defences to recognition and enforcement.International commercial arbitration is considered by the international business community to be a true, and often preferable,...

Mediation-arbitration (med-arb)—an introduction

This Practice Note considers the use of mediation-arbitration (med-arb) to resolve commercial disputes.Med-arb is suitable for resolving a wide range of commercial disputes. It is appropriate, for example, for resolving international or cross-border disputes in the construction, energy and infrastructure sectors.What is med-arb?Med-arb is a hybrid, two-stage alternative dispute resolution (ADR) process. It usually involves the parties agreeing to grant a mediator power to convert automatically to being an arbitrator, and to make a legally binding arbitral award, if the mediation fails to result in a settlement of the relevant dispute. The arbitration phase of the process will be legally binding, and the arbitrator’s award will be enforceable like an award rendered in standard arbitration proceedings, which is usually advantageous.There is a range of possible variants to the med-arb process, including having both a mediator and arbitrator present for an opening session. The mediator then conducts a mediation and the arbitrator is only involved again if the mediation fails to reach a settlement. In this variant, the mediation and arbitration...

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Transport and Maritime Arbitration Rotterdam—Amsterdam (TAMARA) model arbitration clause

The Transport and Maritime Arbitration Rotterdam-Amsterdam (TAMARA) model arbitration clause is as follows.

Facility letter (term loan): single company borrower—bilateral—unsecured

Facility letter (term loan): single company borrower—bilateral—unsecured [TO BE PRINTED ON THE HEADED PAPER OF THE LENDER] [insert name and address of borrower] [insert date] Dear [insert full name of borrower] We offer to place at your disposal a Sterling loan facility in the aggregate principal amount of £[insert amount in figures] ([insert amount in words] Sterling) [for the purpose of [insert details]] on the following terms and conditions: 1 Definitions 1.1 In this letter, unless otherwise provided: Base Rate • means the base rate of [the Lender OR [insert name of Bank]] for the time being and from time to time; Borrower • means [insert name of company], a company incorporated in England and Wales with registered number [insert company number] whose registered office is at [insert address]; Business Day • means a day, other than a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday, on which banks are open for business in London; Commitment Expiry Date • means the earlier of the date falling [insert number]...

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What are the sanctions in English law and arbitration for a party that has destroyed documentary evidence?

What are the sanctions in English law and arbitration for a party that has destroyed documentary evidence? Sanctions under English law Disclosure under CPR 31—preservation of documents Documents that a party intends to rely on in litigation should be preserved as soon as litigation is contemplated. CPR PD 31B, para 7 expressly requires practitioners to advise their clients of the need to preserve disclosable documents as soon as litigation is contemplated. This obligation encompasses past, present and future information. In relation to the preservation of electronically stored information it is particularly important to ensure that nothing is altered, deleted, lost or destroyed. For more information, see Practice Note: Disclosure—preserving documents. If a party fails adequately to preserve disclosable information, it may face satellite litigation regarding the documents in question. The court may order the party to provide an explanation why documents have not been preserved (Glaxo Wellcome UK Ltd v Sandoz Ltd). If the court considers it appropriate, it may draw adverse inferences against a party which...

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SIAC announces new Head of North East Asia operations

The Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) has appointed Jae Myoung Shin as Head of North East Asia, effective 1 May 2025. Based in Seoul, Shin will oversee SIAC's activities in South Korea and Japan while supporting Central Asian initiatives. He succeeds Michele Sonen, who steps down after six years. Shin joined SIAC in February 2023 as Strategy and Development Manager for North East Asia, bringing experience from Korean government-funded educational institutions.

Setting aside a ‘copy-and-paste’ arbitral award (DJP and others v DJO)

Arbitration analysis: The Singapore Court of Appeal upheld a decision to set aside an award (‘Award’) where the tribunal had copied and pasted a substantial portion of an arbitrator’s decision from a similar but separate arbitration. At least 212 paragraphs from a separate award were retained in the Award. The Court of Appeal found that there was a breach of natural justice. Given the confidentiality of arbitrations, where an arbitrator reproduces material from another source, such as another arbitral award, parties and the other arbitrators may not have access to the material. This may lead to reasonable suspicion that the tribunal had pre-judged the dispute, without considering the new materials in the present arbitration, or may be influenced by confirmation bias. Further, reference to extraneous materials in a separate award may not give parties adequate opportunities to review or submit on, breaching the fair hearing rule. Written by Violet Huang, counsel at Colin Seow Chambers, member of Nusa Chambers.